Category Archives: OpenAI

Extracting the text from a PDF document is surprisingly difficult. If you haven’t worked with PDF files before, you’ll be surprised to learn that a PDF document does not contain any text at all. Additionally, there are two main types … Continue reading →

RAG (retrieval-augmented generation) is a fundamental part of AI. RAG allows large language models, such as GPT, to supplement their knowledge with custom information. There are dozens of explanations of RAG available on the Internet, but they tend to be … Continue reading →

A few days ago, I put together a short demo of programmatically analyzing a text file using the ChatGPT API with Python. I figured I’d refactor that Python program to JavaScript. Conceptually, refactoring from Python to JavaScript is simple, but … Continue reading →

I contributed technical content and some comments to an article titled “Pros and Cons of Running a Large Language Model Locally” on the September 2025 edition of the Pure AI web site. See https://pureai.com/articles/2025/09/02/pros-and-cons-of-running-a-large-language-model-locally.aspx. Hundreds of companies (at least) are … Continue reading →

One of the problems when using a large language model like GPT-4 from OpenAI, or Llama from Meta, is that LLMs are trained using a huge, but fixed, set of data. This means an LLM doesn’t know about things that … Continue reading →

A few days ago, I put together a demo of using the OpenAI (ChatGPT) API to programmatically analyze a PDF file. I used the Python language for that demo. But in some development scenarios, especially those that involve Web application, … Continue reading →

In early August 2025, OpenAI released their first open source (aka open weights) large language model, GPT-OSS. I figured I’d try to use GPT-OSS locally on one of my server machines. I have experimented with two different systems for running … Continue reading →

The ChatGPT application, based on a GPT-x large language model, is dramatically changing the way million of people do things. I had recently put together a short demo of programmatically analyzing a PDF file using the ChatGPT API with Python. … Continue reading →

Unless you’ve been living under a large rock for the past couple of years, you know that the ChatGPT application, based on a GPT-x large language model, is dramatically changing the way million of people do things. One morning before … Continue reading →