The goal of a machine learning regression problem is to predict a single numeric value. Quadratic regression is an enhanced form of basic linear regression. One of several ways to train a quadratic regression model is to use relaxed Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse via the QR-Householder algorithm. I recently updated my QR-Householder implementation, so I decided to use it for quadratic regression.
Suppose there are five predictors, (x0, x1, x2, x3, x4). The prediction equation for basic linear regression is:
y’ = (w0 * x0) + (w1 * x1) + (w2 * x2) + (w3 * x3) + (w4 * x4) + b
The wi are model weights (aka coefficients), and b is the model bias (aka intercept). The values of the weights and the bias must be determined by training, so that predicted y’ values are close to the known, correct y values in a set of training data.
The prediction equation for quadratic regression with five predictors is:
y’ = (w0 * x0) + (w1 * x1) + (w2 * x2) + (w3 * x3) + (w4 * x4) +
(w5 * x0*x0) + (w6 * x1*x1) + (w7 * x2*x2) +
(w8 * x3*x3) + (w9 * x4*x4) +
(w10 * x0*x1) + (w11 * x0*x2) + (w12 * x0*x3) + (w13 * x0*x4) +
(w14 * x1*x2) + (w15 * x1*x3) + (w16 * x1*x4) +
(w17 * x2*x3) + (w18 * x2*x4) +
(w19 * x3*x4)
+ b
The squared (“quadratic”) xi^2 terms handle non-linear structure. If there are n predictors, there are also n squared terms. The xi * xj terms between all possible pairs of original predictors handle interactions between predictors. If there are n predictors, there (n * (n-1)) / 2 interaction terms.
Training is the process of finding values for the weights and the bias so that the model predicts well. There are several different training techniques, including the relaxed Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse via QR-Householder technique in this blog post. Two significant alternatives are stochastic gradient descent training, and left pseudo-inverse via normal equations with Cholesky inverse.
The math equation for relaxed MP pseudo-inverse training is w = pinv(X) * y where w is a vector that holds the weights and bias you are looking for, X is an augmented training data matrix that has quadratic columns and interaction columns, and a leading column of 1.0s which handles the bias term. The y is a vector of target y values from the training data, and * is matrix-to-vector multiplication.
Instead of computing an explicit inverse, a common alternative is to compute the inverse implicitly using a technique called Ordinary Least Squares Solve. I posted a demo of that technique a few days ago (Monday, August 24, 2026)..
For my demo, I used one of my standard synthetic datasets. The data looks like:
-0.1660, 0.4406, -0.9998, -0.3953, -0.7065, 0.4840 0.0776, -0.1616, 0.3704, -0.5911, 0.7562, 0.1568 -0.9452, 0.3409, -0.1654, 0.1174, -0.7192, 0.8054 0.9365, -0.3732, 0.3846, 0.7528, 0.7892, 0.1345 . . .
The first five values on each line are the x predictors. The last value on each line is the target y variable to predict. The data is synthetic, and was generated by a 5-10-1 neural network with randome weights and biases. There are 200 training items and 40 test items.
The output of my demo is:
Begin C# quadratic regression with MP pseudo-inverse QR-Householder training Loading synthetic train (200) and test (40) data Done First three train X: -0.1660 0.4406 -0.9998 -0.3953 -0.7065 0.0776 -0.1616 0.3704 -0.5911 0.7562 -0.9452 0.3409 -0.1654 0.1174 -0.7192 First three train y: 0.4840 0.1568 0.8054 Creating quadratic regression model Starting MP pseudo-inverse training Done Model base weights: -0.2630 0.0354 -0.0421 0.0341 -0.1124 Model quadratic weights: 0.0655 0.0194 0.0051 0.0047 0.0243 Model interaction weights: 0.0043 0.0249 0.0071 0.1081 -0.0012 -0.0093 0.0362 0.0085 -0.0568 0.0016 Model bias/intercept: 0.3220 Evaluating model Accuracy train (within 0.10) = 0.8850 Accuracy test (within 0.10) = 0.9250 MSE train = 0.0003 MSE test = 0.0005 Predicting for x = -0.1660 0.4406 -0.9998 -0.3953 -0.7065 Predicted y = 0.4843 End demo
The model accuracy of 88.50% on the training data (177 out of 200 correct) and 92.50% on the test data (37 out of 40 correct) is very good compared to other regression techniques, and much, much better than simple linear regression. A prediction is scored as correct if it’s within 10% of the true target y value. Quadratic regression has a good balance between predictive accuracy and interpretability.
I worked on the code for this blog post during high school graduation season. While I work, I usually have a browser open to keep an eye on news events, mostly for entertainment value. I am never disappointed by stories about graduation brawls.
Left: Graduates and their families of a high school in Randallstown, MD look ready to enter the work force.
Right: Graduates and their families of a high school in Mobile, AL congratulate each other with punches to the face.
Demo program. Replace “lt” (less than), “gt”, “lte”, “gte” with Boolean operator symbols. (My blog editor chokes on symbols).
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace QuadraticRegressionPinvQRHouseholder
{
internal class QuadraticRegressionPinvQRProgram
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nBegin C# quadratic regression" +
" with MP pseudo-inverse QR-Householder training ");
// 1. load data
Console.WriteLine("\nLoading synthetic train" +
" (200) and test (40) data");
string trainFile =
"..\\..\\..\\Data\\synthetic_train_200.txt";
int[] colsX = new int[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
int colY = 5;
double[][] trainX =
MatLoad(trainFile, colsX, ',', "#");
double[] trainY =
MatToVec(MatLoad(trainFile,
new int[] { colY }, ',', "#"));
string testFile =
"..\\..\\..\\Data\\synthetic_test_40.txt";
double[][] testX =
MatLoad(testFile, colsX, ',', "#");
double[] testY =
MatToVec(MatLoad(testFile,
new int[] { colY }, ',', "#"));
Console.WriteLine("Done ");
Console.WriteLine("\nFirst three train X: ");
for (int i = 0; i "lt" 3; ++i)
VecShow(trainX[i], 4, 8);
Console.WriteLine("\nFirst three train y: ");
for (int i = 0; i "lt" 3; ++i)
Console.WriteLine(trainY[i].ToString("F4").
PadLeft(8));
// 2. create and train model
Console.WriteLine("\nCreating quadratic " +
"regression model ");
QuadraticRegressor model = new QuadraticRegressor();
Console.WriteLine("\nStarting MP pseudo-inverse " +
"training ");
model.Train(trainX, trainY);
Console.WriteLine("Done ");
// 3. show model weights
Console.WriteLine("\nModel base weights: ");
int dim = trainX[0].Length;
for (int i = 0; i "lt" dim; ++i)
Console.Write(model.weights[i].
ToString("F4").PadLeft(8));
Console.WriteLine("");
Console.WriteLine("\nModel quadratic weights: ");
for (int i = dim; i "lt" dim + dim; ++i)
Console.Write(model.weights[i].
ToString("F4").PadLeft(8));
Console.WriteLine("");
Console.WriteLine("\nModel interaction weights: ");
for (int i = dim + dim; i "lt" model.weights.Length; ++i)
{
Console.Write(model.weights[i].
ToString("F4").PadLeft(8));
if (i "gt" dim+dim && i % dim == 0)
Console.WriteLine("");
}
Console.WriteLine("");
Console.WriteLine("\nModel bias/intercept: " +
model.bias.ToString("F4").PadLeft(8));
// 4. evaluate model
Console.WriteLine("\nEvaluating model ");
double accTrain = model.Accuracy(trainX, trainY, 0.10);
Console.WriteLine("Accuracy train (within 0.10) = " +
accTrain.ToString("F4"));
double accTest = model.Accuracy(testX, testY, 0.10);
Console.WriteLine("Accuracy test (within 0.10) = " +
accTest.ToString("F4"));
double mseTrain = model.MSE(trainX, trainY);
Console.WriteLine("\nMSE train = " +
mseTrain.ToString("F4"));
double mseTest = model.MSE(testX, testY);
Console.WriteLine("MSE test = " +
mseTest.ToString("F4"));
// 5. use model
double[] x = trainX[0];
Console.WriteLine("\nPredicting for x = ");
VecShow(x, 4, 9);
double predY = model.Predict(x);
Console.WriteLine("\nPredicted y = " +
predY.ToString("F4"));
// 6. TODO: implement model Save() and Load()
Console.WriteLine("\nEnd demo ");
Console.ReadLine();
} // Main()
// ------------------------------------------------------
// helpers for Main(): MatLoad(), MatToVec(), VecShow()
// ------------------------------------------------------
static double[][] MatLoad(string fn, int[] usecols,
char sep, string comment)
{
List"lt"double[]"gt" result =
new List"lt"double[]"gt"();
string line = "";
FileStream ifs = new FileStream(fn, FileMode.Open);
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ifs);
while ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
{
if (line.StartsWith(comment) == true)
continue;
string[] tokens = line.Split(sep);
List"lt"double"gt" lst = new List"lt"double"gt"();
for (int j = 0; j "lt" usecols.Length; ++j)
lst.Add(double.Parse(tokens[usecols[j]]));
double[] row = lst.ToArray();
result.Add(row);
}
sr.Close(); ifs.Close();
return result.ToArray();
}
static double[] MatToVec(double[][] M)
{
int nRows = M.Length;
int nCols = M[0].Length;
double[] result = new double[nRows * nCols];
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i "lt" nRows; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j "lt" nCols; ++j)
result[k++] = M[i][j];
return result;
}
static void VecShow(double[] vec, int dec, int wid)
{
for (int i = 0; i "lt" vec.Length; ++i)
Console.Write(vec[i].ToString("F" + dec).
PadLeft(wid));
Console.WriteLine("");
}
} // class Program
// ========================================================
public class QuadraticRegressor
{
public double[] weights; // regular, quad, interactions
public double bias;
private Random rnd; // not used w/ Pinv training
public QuadraticRegressor(int seed = 0)
{
this.weights = new double[0]; // empty, but not null
this.bias = 0; // dummy value
this.rnd = new Random(seed);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public double Predict(double[] x)
{
int dim = x.Length;
double result = 0.0;
int p = 0; // points into this.weights
for (int i = 0; i "lt" dim; ++i) // base terms
result += x[i] * this.weights[p++];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" dim; ++i) // quadratic terms
result += (x[i] * x[i]) * this.weights[p++];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" dim-1; ++i) // interactions
for (int j = i+1; j "lt" dim; ++j)
result += (x[i] * x[j]) * this.weights[p++];
result += this.bias;
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public void Train(double[][] trainX, double[] trainY)
{
// w = pinv(designX) * y
int nRows = trainX.Length; // not used
int dim = trainX[0].Length;
int nInteractions = (dim * (dim - 1)) / 2;
this.weights = new double[dim + dim + nInteractions];
double[][] X = MatAugment(trainX); // design X
double[][] Xpinv = QRHouseholder.MatPinv(X);
double[] biasAndWts = MatVecProd(Xpinv, trainY);
this.bias = biasAndWts[0]; // bias is at [0]
for (int i = 1; i "lt" biasAndWts.Length; ++i)
this.weights[i - 1] = biasAndWts[i];
return;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
private static double[][] MatAugment(double[][] trainX)
{
// add quadratic and interaction terms, and leading
// column of 1.0s for design matrix.
int nRows = trainX.Length; // src and dest
int dim = trainX[0].Length;
int nInteractions = dim * (dim - 1) / 2;
int nColsDest = 1 + dim + dim + nInteractions;
double[][] result = new double[nRows][];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" nRows; i++)
result[i] = new double[nColsDest];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" nRows; ++i)
{
int p = 0; // points to column of result
result[i][p++] = 1.0; // leading 1.0
for (int j = 0; j "lt" dim; ++j) // base
result[i][p++] = trainX[i][j];
for (int j = 0; j "lt" dim; ++j) // quadratic
result[i][p++] = trainX[i][j] * trainX[i][j];
for (int j = 0; j "lt" nInteractions-1; ++j)
for (int k = j+1; k "lt" dim; ++k)
result[i][p++] = trainX[i][j] * trainX[i][k];
}
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
private static double[] MatVecProd(double[][] M,
double[] v)
{
// helper for Train()
int nRows = M.Length;
int nCols = M[0].Length;
int n = v.Length;
if (nCols != n)
throw new Exception("non-comform in MatVecProd");
double[] result = new double[nRows];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" nRows; ++i)
for (int k = 0; k "lt" nCols; ++k)
result[i] += M[i][k] * v[k];
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public double MSE(double[][] dataX,
double[] dataY)
{
int n = dataX.Length;
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i "lt" n; ++i)
{
double actualY = dataY[i];
double predY = this.Predict(dataX[i]);
sum += (actualY - predY) * (actualY - predY);
}
return sum / n;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public double Accuracy(double[][] dataX, double[] dataY,
double pctClose)
{
int numCorrect = 0; int numWrong = 0;
for (int i = 0; i "lt" dataX.Length; ++i)
{
double actualY = dataY[i];
double predY = this.Predict(dataX[i]);
if (Math.Abs(predY - actualY) "lt"
Math.Abs(pctClose * actualY))
++numCorrect;
else
++numWrong;
}
return (numCorrect * 1.0) / (numWrong + numCorrect);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
} // class QuadraticRegressor
// ========================================================
public class QRHouseholder
{
// container for MP pseudo-inverse via QR-Householder
// A = Q * R
// pinv(A) = inv(R) * inv(Q) note order matters
// = inv upper tri (easy) * transpose (easy)
public static double[][] MatPinv(double[][] M)
{
double[][] Q; double[][] R;
MatDecompQR(M, out Q, out R); // Householder
double[][] Ri = MatInvUpperTri(R);
double[][] Qi = MatTranspose(Q);
double[][] result = MatProduct(Ri, Qi);
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public static double[][] MatInvUpperTri(double[][] U)
{
int n = U.Length; // must be square matrix
double[][] result = MatMake(n, n);
for (int i = 0; i "lt" n; ++i)
result[i][i] = 1.0;
for (int k = 0; k "lt" n; ++k)
{
for (int j = 0; j "lt" n; ++j)
{
for (int i = 0; i "lt" k; ++i)
{
result[j][k] -= result[j][i] * U[i][k];
}
result[j][k] /= U[k][k];
}
}
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public static double[][] MatMake(int nRows, int nCols)
{
double[][] result = new double[nRows][];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" nRows; ++i)
result[i] = new double[nCols];
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public static double[][] MatTranspose(double[][] M)
{
int nRows = M.Length;
int nCols = M[0].Length;
double[][] result = MatMake(nCols, nRows);
for (int i = 0; i "lt" nRows; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j "lt" nCols; ++j)
result[j][i] = M[i][j];
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public static double[][] MatProduct(double[][] A,
double[][] B)
{
int aRows = A.Length; int aCols = A[0].Length;
int bRows = B.Length; int bCols = B[0].Length;
if (aCols != bRows)
throw new Exception("Non-conformable matrices");
double[][] result = new double[aRows][];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" aRows; ++i)
result[i] = new double[bCols];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" aRows; ++i) // each row of A
for (int j = 0; j "lt" bCols; ++j) // each col of B
for (int k = 0; k "lt" aCols; ++k)
result[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j];
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
public static void MatDecompQR(double[][] A,
out double[][] Q, out double[][] R)
{
// Householder algorithm
int m = A.Length; int n = A[0].Length;
if (m "lt" n)
Console.WriteLine("FATAL: nRows must be gte nCols");
double[][] QQ = MatMake(m, m); // working full Q
for (int i = 0; i "lt" m; ++i)
QQ[i][i] = 1.0; // identity matrix
double[][] RR = MatMake(m, n);
for (int i = 0; i "lt" m; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j "lt" n; ++j)
RR[i][j] = A[i][j]; // copy of A is working R
int k = Math.Min(m, n); // or just use n
for (int j = 0; j "lt" k; ++j) // main processing loop
{
int xn = m - j;
double[] x = new double[xn];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" xn; ++i)
x[i] = RR[j + i][j];
double ss = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i "lt" xn; ++i)
ss += x[i] * x[i];
double normX = Math.Sqrt(ss);
// if (normX == 0.0) continue; // risky
if (Math.Abs(normX) "lt" 1.0e-12) continue;
double sign;
if (x[0] "gte" 0.0) sign = -1.0;
else sign = 1.0; // counter-intuitive
double[] u = new double[xn];
for (int i = 0; i "lt" xn; ++i)
u[i] = x[i] / (x[0] - sign * normX); // check div 0
u[0] = 1.0;
// compute scaling factor tau = 2 / (u^T * u)
double tau = -sign * (x[0] - sign * normX) / normX;
// dimensions for sub-matrices
int nRowsSubR = m - j; int nColsSubR = n - j;
int nRowsSubQ = m; int nColsSubQ = m - j;
double[] vr = new double[nColsSubR];
for (int c = 0; c "lt" nColsSubR; ++c)
{
double acc = 0.0;
for (int r = 0; r "lt" nRowsSubR; ++r)
acc += u[r] * RR[j + r][j + c];
vr[c] = acc;
}
double[] vq = new double[nRowsSubQ];
for (int r = 0; r "lt" nRowsSubQ; ++r)
{
double acc = 0.0;
for (int c = 0; c "lt" nColsSubQ; ++c)
acc += u[c] * QQ[r][j + c];
vq[r] = acc;
}
// update sub-R
for (int r = 0; r "lt" nRowsSubR; ++r)
for (int c = 0; c "lt" nColsSubR; ++c)
RR[j + r][j + c] -= tau * u[r] * vr[c];
// update sub-Q
for (int r = 0; r "lt" nRowsSubQ; ++r)
for (int c = 0; c "lt" nColsSubQ; ++c)
QQ[r][j + c] -= tau * vq[r] * u[c];
} // j
// extract QQ RR into out params
Q = MatMake(m, n);
for (int i = 0; i "lt" m; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j "lt" n; ++j)
Q[i][j] = QQ[i][j];
R = MatMake(n, n);
for (int i = 0; i "lt" n; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j "lt" n; ++j)
R[i][j] = RR[i][j];
return;
} // MatDecompQR
} // class QRHouseholder
// ========================================================
} // ns
Training data:
# synthetic_train_200.txt # -0.1660, 0.4406, -0.9998, -0.3953, -0.7065, 0.4840 0.0776, -0.1616, 0.3704, -0.5911, 0.7562, 0.1568 -0.9452, 0.3409, -0.1654, 0.1174, -0.7192, 0.8054 0.9365, -0.3732, 0.3846, 0.7528, 0.7892, 0.1345 -0.8299, -0.9219, -0.6603, 0.7563, -0.8033, 0.7955 0.0663, 0.3838, -0.3690, 0.3730, 0.6693, 0.3206 -0.9634, 0.5003, 0.9777, 0.4963, -0.4391, 0.7377 -0.1042, 0.8172, -0.4128, -0.4244, -0.7399, 0.4801 -0.9613, 0.3577, -0.5767, -0.4689, -0.0169, 0.6861 -0.7065, 0.1786, 0.3995, -0.7953, -0.1719, 0.5569 0.3888, -0.1716, -0.9001, 0.0718, 0.3276, 0.2500 0.1731, 0.8068, -0.7251, -0.7214, 0.6148, 0.3297 -0.2046, -0.6693, 0.8550, -0.3045, 0.5016, 0.2129 0.2473, 0.5019, -0.3022, -0.4601, 0.7918, 0.2613 -0.1438, 0.9297, 0.3269, 0.2434, -0.7705, 0.5171 0.1568, -0.1837, -0.5259, 0.8068, 0.1474, 0.3307 -0.9943, 0.2343, -0.3467, 0.0541, 0.7719, 0.5581 0.2467, -0.9684, 0.8589, 0.3818, 0.9946, 0.1092 -0.6553, -0.7257, 0.8652, 0.3936, -0.8680, 0.7018 0.8460, 0.4230, -0.7515, -0.9602, -0.9476, 0.1996 -0.9434, -0.5076, 0.7201, 0.0777, 0.1056, 0.5664 0.9392, 0.1221, -0.9627, 0.6013, -0.5341, 0.1533 0.6142, -0.2243, 0.7271, 0.4942, 0.1125, 0.1661 0.4260, 0.1194, -0.9749, -0.8561, 0.9346, 0.2230 0.1362, -0.5934, -0.4953, 0.4877, -0.6091, 0.3810 0.6937, -0.5203, -0.0125, 0.2399, 0.6580, 0.1460 -0.6864, -0.9628, -0.8600, -0.0273, 0.2127, 0.5387 0.9772, 0.1595, -0.2397, 0.1019, 0.4907, 0.1611 0.3385, -0.4702, -0.8673, -0.2598, 0.2594, 0.2270 -0.8669, -0.4794, 0.6095, -0.6131, 0.2789, 0.4700 0.0493, 0.8496, -0.4734, -0.8681, 0.4701, 0.3516 0.8639, -0.9721, -0.5313, 0.2336, 0.8980, 0.1412 0.9004, 0.1133, 0.8312, 0.2831, -0.2200, 0.1782 0.0991, 0.8524, 0.8375, -0.2102, 0.9265, 0.2150 -0.6521, -0.7473, -0.7298, 0.0113, -0.9570, 0.7422 0.6190, -0.3105, 0.8802, 0.1640, 0.7577, 0.1056 0.6895, 0.8108, -0.0802, 0.0927, 0.5972, 0.2214 0.1982, -0.9689, 0.1870, -0.1326, 0.6147, 0.1310 -0.3695, 0.7858, 0.1557, -0.6320, 0.5759, 0.3773 -0.1596, 0.3581, 0.8372, -0.9992, 0.9535, 0.2071 -0.2468, 0.9476, 0.2094, 0.6577, 0.1494, 0.4132 0.1737, 0.5000, 0.7166, 0.5102, 0.3961, 0.2611 0.7290, -0.3546, 0.3416, -0.0983, -0.2358, 0.1332 -0.3652, 0.2438, -0.1395, 0.9476, 0.3556, 0.4170 -0.6029, -0.1466, -0.3133, 0.5953, 0.7600, 0.4334 -0.4596, -0.4953, 0.7098, 0.0554, 0.6043, 0.2775 0.1450, 0.4663, 0.0380, 0.5418, 0.1377, 0.2931 -0.8636, -0.2442, -0.8407, 0.9656, -0.6368, 0.7429 0.6237, 0.7499, 0.3768, 0.1390, -0.6781, 0.2185 -0.5499, 0.1850, -0.3755, 0.8326, 0.8193, 0.4399 -0.4858, -0.7782, -0.6141, -0.0008, 0.4572, 0.4197 0.7033, -0.1683, 0.2334, -0.5327, -0.7961, 0.1776 0.0317, -0.0457, -0.6947, 0.2436, 0.0880, 0.3345 0.5031, -0.5559, 0.0387, 0.5706, -0.9553, 0.3107 -0.3513, 0.7458, 0.6894, 0.0769, 0.7332, 0.3170 0.2205, 0.5992, -0.9309, 0.5405, 0.4635, 0.3532 -0.4806, -0.4859, 0.2646, -0.3094, 0.5932, 0.3202 0.9809, -0.3995, -0.7140, 0.8026, 0.0831, 0.1600 0.9495, 0.2732, 0.9878, 0.0921, 0.0529, 0.1289 -0.9476, -0.6792, 0.4913, -0.9392, -0.2669, 0.5966 0.7247, 0.3854, 0.3819, -0.6227, -0.1162, 0.1550 -0.5922, -0.5045, -0.4757, 0.5003, -0.0860, 0.5863 -0.8861, 0.0170, -0.5761, 0.5972, -0.4053, 0.7301 0.6877, -0.2380, 0.4997, 0.0223, 0.0819, 0.1404 0.9189, 0.6079, -0.9354, 0.4188, -0.0700, 0.1907 -0.1428, -0.7820, 0.2676, 0.6059, 0.3936, 0.2790 0.5324, -0.3151, 0.6917, -0.1425, 0.6480, 0.1071 -0.8432, -0.9633, -0.8666, -0.0828, -0.7733, 0.7784 -0.9444, 0.5097, -0.2103, 0.4939, -0.0952, 0.6787 -0.0520, 0.6063, -0.1952, 0.8094, -0.9259, 0.4836 0.5477, -0.7487, 0.2370, -0.9793, 0.0773, 0.1241 0.2450, 0.8116, 0.9799, 0.4222, 0.4636, 0.2355 0.8186, -0.1983, -0.5003, -0.6531, -0.7611, 0.1511 -0.4714, 0.6382, -0.3788, 0.9648, -0.4667, 0.5950 0.0673, -0.3711, 0.8215, -0.2669, -0.1328, 0.2677 -0.9381, 0.4338, 0.7820, -0.9454, 0.0441, 0.5518 -0.3480, 0.7190, 0.1170, 0.3805, -0.0943, 0.4724 -0.9813, 0.1535, -0.3771, 0.0345, 0.8328, 0.5438 -0.1471, -0.5052, -0.2574, 0.8637, 0.8737, 0.3042 -0.5454, -0.3712, -0.6505, 0.2142, -0.1728, 0.5783 0.6327, -0.6297, 0.4038, -0.5193, 0.1484, 0.1153 -0.5424, 0.3282, -0.0055, 0.0380, -0.6506, 0.6613 0.1414, 0.9935, 0.6337, 0.1887, 0.9520, 0.2540 -0.9351, -0.8128, -0.8693, -0.0965, -0.2491, 0.7353 0.9507, -0.6640, 0.9456, 0.5349, 0.6485, 0.1059 -0.0462, -0.9737, -0.2940, -0.0159, 0.4602, 0.2606 -0.0627, -0.0852, -0.7247, -0.9782, 0.5166, 0.2977 0.0478, 0.5098, -0.0723, -0.7504, -0.3750, 0.3335 0.0090, 0.3477, 0.5403, -0.7393, -0.9542, 0.4415 -0.9748, 0.3449, 0.3736, -0.1015, 0.8296, 0.4358 0.2887, -0.9895, -0.0311, 0.7186, 0.6608, 0.2057 0.1570, -0.4518, 0.1211, 0.3435, -0.2951, 0.3244 0.7117, -0.6099, 0.4946, -0.4208, 0.5476, 0.1096 -0.2929, -0.5726, 0.5346, -0.3827, 0.4665, 0.2465 0.4889, -0.5572, -0.5718, -0.6021, -0.7150, 0.2163 -0.7782, 0.3491, 0.5996, -0.8389, -0.5366, 0.6516 -0.5847, 0.8347, 0.4226, 0.1078, -0.3910, 0.6134 0.8469, 0.4121, -0.0439, -0.7476, 0.9521, 0.1571 -0.6803, -0.5948, -0.1376, -0.1916, -0.7065, 0.7156 0.2878, 0.5086, -0.5785, 0.2019, 0.4979, 0.2980 0.2764, 0.1943, -0.4090, 0.4632, 0.8906, 0.2960 -0.8877, 0.6705, -0.6155, -0.2098, -0.3998, 0.7107 -0.8398, 0.8093, -0.2597, 0.0614, -0.0118, 0.6502 -0.8476, 0.0158, -0.4769, -0.2859, -0.7839, 0.7715 0.5751, -0.7868, 0.9714, -0.6457, 0.1448, 0.1175 0.4802, -0.7001, 0.1022, -0.5668, 0.5184, 0.1090 0.4458, -0.6469, 0.7239, -0.9604, 0.7205, 0.0779 0.5175, 0.4339, 0.9747, -0.4438, -0.9924, 0.2879 0.8678, 0.7158, 0.4577, 0.0334, 0.4139, 0.1678 0.5406, 0.5012, 0.2264, -0.1963, 0.3946, 0.2088 -0.9938, 0.5498, 0.7928, -0.5214, -0.7585, 0.7687 0.7661, 0.0863, -0.4266, -0.7233, -0.4197, 0.1466 0.2277, -0.3517, -0.0853, -0.1118, 0.6563, 0.1767 0.3499, -0.5570, -0.0655, -0.3705, 0.2537, 0.1632 0.7547, -0.1046, 0.5689, -0.0861, 0.3125, 0.1257 0.8186, 0.2110, 0.5335, 0.0094, -0.0039, 0.1391 0.6858, -0.8644, 0.1465, 0.8855, 0.0357, 0.1845 -0.4967, 0.4015, 0.0805, 0.8977, 0.2487, 0.4663 0.6760, -0.9841, 0.9787, -0.8446, -0.3557, 0.1509 -0.1203, -0.4885, 0.6054, -0.0443, -0.7313, 0.4854 0.8557, 0.7919, -0.0169, 0.7134, -0.1628, 0.2002 0.0115, -0.6209, 0.9300, -0.4116, -0.7931, 0.4052 -0.7114, -0.9718, 0.4319, 0.1290, 0.5892, 0.3661 0.3915, 0.5557, -0.1870, 0.2955, -0.6404, 0.2954 -0.3564, -0.6548, -0.1827, -0.5172, -0.1862, 0.4622 0.2392, -0.4959, 0.5857, -0.1341, -0.2850, 0.2470 -0.3394, 0.3947, -0.4627, 0.6166, -0.4094, 0.5325 0.7107, 0.7768, -0.6312, 0.1707, 0.7964, 0.2757 -0.1078, 0.8437, -0.4420, 0.2177, 0.3649, 0.4028 -0.3139, 0.5595, -0.6505, -0.3161, -0.7108, 0.5546 0.4335, 0.3986, 0.3770, -0.4932, 0.3847, 0.1810 -0.2562, -0.2894, -0.8847, 0.2633, 0.4146, 0.4036 0.2272, 0.2966, -0.6601, -0.7011, 0.0284, 0.2778 -0.0743, -0.1421, -0.0054, -0.6770, -0.3151, 0.3597 -0.4762, 0.6891, 0.6007, -0.1467, 0.2140, 0.4266 -0.4061, 0.7193, 0.3432, 0.2669, -0.7505, 0.6147 -0.0588, 0.9731, 0.8966, 0.2902, -0.6966, 0.4955 -0.0627, -0.1439, 0.1985, 0.6999, 0.5022, 0.3077 0.1587, 0.8494, -0.8705, 0.9827, -0.8940, 0.4263 -0.7850, 0.2473, -0.9040, -0.4308, -0.8779, 0.7199 0.4070, 0.3369, -0.2428, -0.6236, 0.4940, 0.2215 -0.0242, 0.0513, -0.9430, 0.2885, -0.2987, 0.3947 -0.5416, -0.1322, -0.2351, -0.0604, 0.9590, 0.3683 0.1055, 0.7783, -0.2901, -0.5090, 0.8220, 0.2984 -0.9129, 0.9015, 0.1128, -0.2473, 0.9901, 0.4776 -0.9378, 0.1424, -0.6391, 0.2619, 0.9618, 0.5368 0.7498, -0.0963, 0.4169, 0.5549, -0.0103, 0.1614 -0.2612, -0.7156, 0.4538, -0.0460, -0.1022, 0.3717 0.7720, 0.0552, -0.1818, -0.4622, -0.8560, 0.1685 -0.4177, 0.0070, 0.9319, -0.7812, 0.3461, 0.3052 -0.0001, 0.5542, -0.7128, -0.8336, -0.2016, 0.3803 0.5356, -0.4194, -0.5662, -0.9666, -0.2027, 0.1776 -0.2378, 0.3187, -0.8582, -0.6948, -0.9668, 0.5474 -0.1947, -0.3579, 0.1158, 0.9869, 0.6690, 0.2992 0.3992, 0.8365, -0.9205, -0.8593, -0.0520, 0.3154 -0.0209, 0.0793, 0.7905, -0.1067, 0.7541, 0.1864 -0.4928, -0.4524, -0.3433, 0.0951, -0.5597, 0.6261 -0.8118, 0.7404, -0.5263, -0.2280, 0.1431, 0.6349 0.0516, -0.8480, 0.7483, 0.9023, 0.6250, 0.1959 -0.3212, 0.1093, 0.9488, -0.3766, 0.3376, 0.2735 -0.3481, 0.5490, -0.3484, 0.7797, 0.5034, 0.4379 -0.5785, -0.9170, -0.3563, -0.9258, 0.3877, 0.4121 0.3407, -0.1391, 0.5356, 0.0720, -0.9203, 0.3458 -0.3287, -0.8954, 0.2102, 0.0241, 0.2349, 0.3247 -0.1353, 0.6954, -0.0919, -0.9692, 0.7461, 0.3338 0.9036, -0.8982, -0.5299, -0.8733, -0.1567, 0.1187 0.7277, -0.8368, -0.0538, -0.7489, 0.5458, 0.0830 0.9049, 0.8878, 0.2279, 0.9470, -0.3103, 0.2194 0.7957, -0.1308, -0.5284, 0.8817, 0.3684, 0.2172 0.4647, -0.4931, 0.2010, 0.6292, -0.8918, 0.3371 -0.7390, 0.6849, 0.2367, 0.0626, -0.5034, 0.7039 -0.1567, -0.8711, 0.7940, -0.5932, 0.6525, 0.1710 0.7635, -0.0265, 0.1969, 0.0545, 0.2496, 0.1445 0.7675, 0.1354, -0.7698, -0.5460, 0.1920, 0.1728 -0.5211, -0.7372, -0.6763, 0.6897, 0.2044, 0.5217 0.1913, 0.1980, 0.2314, -0.8816, 0.5006, 0.1998 0.8964, 0.0694, -0.6149, 0.5059, -0.9854, 0.1825 0.1767, 0.7104, 0.2093, 0.6452, 0.7590, 0.2832 -0.3580, -0.7541, 0.4426, -0.1193, -0.7465, 0.5657 -0.5996, 0.5766, -0.9758, -0.3933, -0.9572, 0.6800 0.9950, 0.1641, -0.4132, 0.8579, 0.0142, 0.2003 -0.4717, -0.3894, -0.2567, -0.5111, 0.1691, 0.4266 0.3917, -0.8561, 0.9422, 0.5061, 0.6123, 0.1212 -0.0366, -0.1087, 0.3449, -0.1025, 0.4086, 0.2475 0.3633, 0.3943, 0.2372, -0.6980, 0.5216, 0.1925 -0.5325, -0.6466, -0.2178, -0.3589, 0.6310, 0.3568 0.2271, 0.5200, -0.1447, -0.8011, -0.7699, 0.3128 0.6415, 0.1993, 0.3777, -0.0178, -0.8237, 0.2181 -0.5298, -0.0768, -0.6028, -0.9490, 0.4588, 0.4356 0.6870, -0.1431, 0.7294, 0.3141, 0.1621, 0.1632 -0.5985, 0.0591, 0.7889, -0.3900, 0.7419, 0.2945 0.3661, 0.7984, -0.8486, 0.7572, -0.6183, 0.3449 0.6995, 0.3342, -0.3113, -0.6972, 0.2707, 0.1712 0.2565, 0.9126, 0.1798, -0.6043, -0.1413, 0.2893 -0.3265, 0.9839, -0.2395, 0.9854, 0.0376, 0.4770 0.2690, -0.1722, 0.9818, 0.8599, -0.7015, 0.3954 -0.2102, -0.0768, 0.1219, 0.5607, -0.0256, 0.3949 0.8216, -0.9555, 0.6422, -0.6231, 0.3715, 0.0801 -0.2896, 0.9484, -0.7545, -0.6249, 0.7789, 0.4370 -0.9985, -0.5448, -0.7092, -0.5931, 0.7926, 0.5402
Test data:
# synthetic_test_40.txt # 0.7462, 0.4006, -0.0590, 0.6543, -0.0083, 0.1935 0.8495, -0.2260, -0.0142, -0.4911, 0.7699, 0.1078 -0.2335, -0.4049, 0.4352, -0.6183, -0.7636, 0.5088 0.1810, -0.5142, 0.2465, 0.2767, -0.3449, 0.3136 -0.8650, 0.7611, -0.0801, 0.5277, -0.4922, 0.7140 -0.2358, -0.7466, -0.5115, -0.8413, -0.3943, 0.4533 0.4834, 0.2300, 0.3448, -0.9832, 0.3568, 0.1360 -0.6502, -0.6300, 0.6885, 0.9652, 0.8275, 0.3046 -0.3053, 0.5604, 0.0929, 0.6329, -0.0325, 0.4756 -0.7995, 0.0740, -0.2680, 0.2086, 0.9176, 0.4565 -0.2144, -0.2141, 0.5813, 0.2902, -0.2122, 0.4119 -0.7278, -0.0987, -0.3312, -0.5641, 0.8515, 0.4438 0.3793, 0.1976, 0.4933, 0.0839, 0.4011, 0.1905 -0.8568, 0.9573, -0.5272, 0.3212, -0.8207, 0.7415 -0.5785, 0.0056, -0.7901, -0.2223, 0.0760, 0.5551 0.0735, -0.2188, 0.3925, 0.3570, 0.3746, 0.2191 0.1230, -0.2838, 0.2262, 0.8715, 0.1938, 0.2878 0.4792, -0.9248, 0.5295, 0.0366, -0.9894, 0.3149 -0.4456, 0.0697, 0.5359, -0.8938, 0.0981, 0.3879 0.8629, -0.8505, -0.4464, 0.8385, 0.5300, 0.1769 0.1995, 0.6659, 0.7921, 0.9454, 0.9970, 0.2330 -0.0249, -0.3066, -0.2927, -0.4923, 0.8220, 0.2437 0.4513, -0.9481, -0.0770, -0.4374, -0.9421, 0.2879 -0.3405, 0.5931, -0.3507, -0.3842, 0.8562, 0.3987 0.9538, 0.0471, 0.9039, 0.7760, 0.0361, 0.1706 -0.0887, 0.2104, 0.9808, 0.5478, -0.3314, 0.4128 -0.8220, -0.6302, 0.0537, -0.1658, 0.6013, 0.4306 -0.4123, -0.2880, 0.9074, -0.0461, -0.4435, 0.5144 0.0060, 0.2867, -0.7775, 0.5161, 0.7039, 0.3599 -0.7968, -0.5484, 0.9426, -0.4308, 0.8148, 0.2979 0.7811, 0.8450, -0.6877, 0.7594, 0.2640, 0.2362 -0.6802, -0.1113, -0.8325, -0.6694, -0.6056, 0.6544 0.3821, 0.1476, 0.7466, -0.5107, 0.2592, 0.1648 0.7265, 0.9683, -0.9803, -0.4943, -0.5523, 0.2454 -0.9049, -0.9797, -0.0196, -0.9090, -0.4433, 0.6447 -0.4607, 0.1811, -0.2389, 0.4050, -0.0078, 0.5229 0.2664, -0.2932, -0.4259, -0.7336, 0.8742, 0.1834 -0.4507, 0.1029, -0.6294, -0.1158, -0.6294, 0.6081 0.8948, -0.0124, 0.9278, 0.2899, -0.0314, 0.1534 -0.1323, -0.8813, -0.0146, -0.0697, 0.6135, 0.2386
.NET Test Automation Recipes
Software Testing
SciPy Programming Succinctly
Keras Succinctly
R Programming
Visual Studio Live
Microsoft MLADS Conference
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Machine Learning Week
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